যেসকল ক্ষেত্রে Verb এর Past Participle form (v3) হয়

১. কিছু শব্দের পর (have, has, had, having, be, been, being, become, grow….)
Example:
a) I have finished my homework.
b) It will be completed.

২. Passive Voice এ Auxiliary Verb (Finite Verb) এরপর
Example:
c) The poem was written by John Keats.
d) It is known to everyone.

৩. Recently, lately, already, just now….যুক্ত বাক্য স্বভাবতই Present Perfect Tense হয়। তাই, Subject+has/has এরপর v3 ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

Example :
e) Jane has already done her homework.
f) Recently, it has become a great problem.

The past participle form of a verb is used in several grammatical constructions, including the perfect tenses (present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect), passive voice, and as adjectives. Here are some details on its usage:

1. Perfect Tenses:
Present Perfect: The present perfect tense is formed by combining the present tense of the auxiliary verb “have” with the past participle of the main verb.
Example: She **has eaten** lunch already.
Past Perfect: The past perfect tense is formed by combining the past tense of the auxiliary verb “have” (had) with the past participle of the main verb.
Example: They **had finished** their work before the meeting started.
Future Perfect: The future perfect tense is formed by combining the future tense of the auxiliary verb “will have” with the past participle of the main verb.
Example: By next year, he **will have completed** his degree.

2. Passive Voice:
– The passive voice is formed by using a form of the verb “to be” (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, had been, will be, will have been) followed by the past participle of the main verb.
Example: The book **was written** by a famous author.

3. Adjectives:
– Past participles can be used as adjectives to describe nouns.
Example: The broken vase lay on the floor.

4. Past Participle as Part of Verb Phrases:
– In compound verb tenses or phrases, the past participle is used alongside helping verbs.
Example: She **has been waiting** for hours.

5. Noun Phrases:
– Past participles can sometimes be used as part of noun phrases to modify or describe nouns.
Example: The **missing** keys were found in the drawer.

Overall, the past participle form of a verb is versatile and is used in various grammatical structures to convey perfect tense, passive voice, adjectival information, and more.